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This Student Dictionary has been designed and prepared to supply to high-school and mature junior-high students the essential information about English vocabulary. This information is intended to aid students in reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Each of the more that 100,000 words entered in this dictionary has been carefully evaluated by a staff of editors long experienced in writing dictionaries for young people. Every year thousands of new words and meanings appear in printed sources. The staff has examined a wide variety of current textbooks and other literature most apt to be read by the dictionary's users. Scott Foresman citation files record changes in words, definitions, and usage as these first appear in the language and then become accepted. Such a program of reading current English sources is vital to maintain an up-to-date dictionary.
The Student Dictionary follows the basic precepts of dictionaries prepared for young people that were pioneered by Scott, Foresman over 50 years ago in the Thorndike Junior Dictionary. Definitions are written, insofar as possible, in simpler language that the main entry being defined. Common meanings of words are given first within an entry. Related meanings are placed adjacent to each other, so that the semantic flow of meaning change may be easily observed. And a single alphabetical list enables the student to find any single entry quickly and easily, without first having to decide whether the entry is perhaps to be found in a supplementary listing.
Within entries in this dictionary, illustrative or context sentences and phrases have been written to show the student actual idiomatic English usage as a model. These sentences, showing real situations, have been written to reflect the pluralism of our society, and at the same time to avoid unfortunate stereotypes.
Additional features of the Student Dictionary provide further help for its users. Some 900 synonym studies and usage notes provide extra information dealing with syntax, spelling, and shades of meaning that help students to be more exact in their choice of words for a given context. About 18,000 etymologies, or word histories, have been included for root words. All language names have been spelled out within the simply written etymologies. Etymologies frequently show a root or underlying meaning that helps students gain fresh insights into words they use or are learning to use.
To show students how words have come into our language form many sources, we have included "Word Sources," a feature unique to the Student Dictionary. These 43 word sources are lists of words which can be traced back to a common language source or words which were foremen in a similar way, such as acronyms and coined words.
Another special feature of this dictionary is the inclusion of "Word Families." These 70 word families are lists of English words that go back to a common root. They can be a means of increasing vocabulary, since a student who knows the root and its meaning should be able to recognize this root in many unfamiliar words. Furthermore, the meaning of the root word. Word families, by teaching students basic roots and by helping them see the relationship between words, are an important tool in language study.
An illustration can and should do more than tell you that something exists. An effective illustration broadens the student's understanding of the definition. More than 1500 illustrations--photographs, drawings, fine are reproductions, movie stills, maps, charts--were specially chosen to augment definitions, to promote browsing, and to stimulate an enhanced by the addition of color. Most of the 80 maps have color overlays to highlight the area being both in customary way and in the metric system.
To help students derive the greatest benefit from dictionary use, a self-teaching guide to using this dictionary is included in the front of the book.
Table of Contents
Using This Dictionary
- One alphabetical list Foreign words and phrases Guide words
- Homographs Inflected forms
- Run-on entries Idioms
How to Use and Understand Pronunciations
- The pronunciation key Vowels with diacritical marks
- Two-letter symbols Syllables and accent Interpreting dictionary pronunciations
- Pronunciation Puzzle
How to Find and Understand Meanings
- Finding the right meaning Special grammatical labels
- Ways in which meanings are given
- Restrictive labels and phrases Synonym studies
- Usage notes
- Etymologies
- Word families
- Etymology Puzzle
How to Use This Dictionary for Writing
- Syllable division
- Additional writing aids
How to Use This Dictionary for Spelling
- Variant spellings
- Spellings of English Sounds
The Parts of a Dictionary Entry
Answers to Puzzles
Your Dictionary
Charts and Tables
- Regions of the Atmosphere
- Classification of Living Organisms
- Decibels
- Diacritical Marks
- Periodic Table of the Elements
- Geological Time
- Indo-European and Other Language Familes
- Measures and Weights
- Types of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Richter Scale
- Metric Conversion Table
The editors offer this book to the nation's students as an important aid in their study of English.
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